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IFAS# SL-156

Wastewater Treatment Wetlands: 
Applications and Treatment Efficiency

William F. DeBusk


Opening Paragraph:
Constructed and natural wetlands are often used as low-tech treatment systems for domestic wastewater effluent, from single-residence septic tank effluent wetlands to large municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Similarly, wetlands may be used effectively for treatment of animal and aquaculture wastes. The use of wetland retention basins for treatment of stormwater runoff has become relatively commonplace. The composition of stormwater varies greatly, depending on the surrounding land use. For example, urban runoff may contain soil particles, dissolved nutrients, heavy metals, oil and grease. Residential and agricultural runoff may also contain organic matter and pesticides. A variety of industrial wastes, including pulp and paper, food processing, slaughtering and rendering, chemical manufacturing, petroleum refining and landfill leachates, are amenable to wetland treatment. Pretreatment, such as primary sedimentation or aeration stabilization, is often required for industrial effluents. 
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